From the second half of the 10th century began the wide use of potter's wheel and the craft manufacture of pottery. The form of pottery began to improve. The pots appeared high and wide neck, sloping coat hanger, the silhouette became more profile. Clay utensils became more diverse. Dishes 11-13th centuries according to the purpose can be divided into the kitchen (for cooking), dining, container, etc.
Local raw materials of predominantly red color were used as raw materials. To increase the plasticity of the potters, crushed stone of granite rocks was added to the dough. The dishes were most often decorated with ornamentation on the rim, occasionally close to its edge. For Polotsk products there is a linear and wavy ornament which was applied with a stick or a comb less often with a fingernail as well as a combination of these ornaments. Ceramics with traces of glaze were also found in Polotsk. The inner side of the bottom part of the pot from the 13th-13th centuries from gray clay presented in the exposition of the Museum of Local Lore covered with a dark green glaze; the layer thickness of the glassy substance is 3 cm.
Two types of lids were made for the dishes: almost flat, as well as deep conical shapes. Some of them had a round head at the top. The cover from the 13th century exposition of the Museum of Local Lore has a richly ornamented surface in the form of lines frequent parallel features and a through hole on top.
Pottery is often marked with stamps - signs of the potter. Relief stamps 11-13th centuries are the prints of characters carved on pedestals and are most often a circle with images of a cross or radial lines in the center. On the outside of the above-mentioned bottom part of the pot the mark in the form of concentric circles with the letter "X" in the center is superbly viewed. The stamp on the bottom of the dishes of the 11-13th centuries presented in the Museum of Local Lore is a large circle with a diameter of 6 cm with a four-pointed cross in the center.
